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CrimRxiv Consortium
Leaders, providers, and supporters of open criminology
CrimRxiv is open access. It’ll always be free to authors and readers. This is a communal effort. Our membership program, CrimRxiv Consortium, is a utilitarian way to collaboratively advance our missions and the greater good. To discuss partnership opportunities, email [email protected]. Follow us on Twitter at @CrimConsortium.
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Consortium members submit new Pubs here.
University of Manchester, Department of Criminology | Home of CrimRxivUniversity of Manchester, Office for Open ResearchKnowledge Futures, creator of PubPubAcademy of Criminal Justice SciencesGeorgia State University, Evidence-Based Cybersecurity Research GroupGhent University, Department of CriminologyJohn Jay College of Criminal Justice, Research & Evaluation CenterMax Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security & LawNortheastern University, School of Criminology & Criminal JusticeOral History of Criminology ProjectPhiladelphia District Attorney's Office, DATA LabSimon Fraser University, School of CriminologySociedad Española de Investigación CriminológicaSociety of Evidence Based PolicingSouth Asian Society of Criminology and VictimologyTemple University, Department of Criminal JusticeUCL, Bentham ProjectUniversité de Montréal, École de CriminologieUniversity of Cambridge, Institute of Criminology, Prisons Research CentreUniversity of Georgia, Department of SociologyUniversity of Leeds, Centre for Criminal Justice StudiesUniversity of Liverpool, Department of Sociology, Social Policy and CriminologyUniversity of Missouri—St. Louis, Department of Criminology & Criminal JusticeUniversity of Nebraska Omaha, School of Criminology & Criminal JusticeUniversity of Texas at Dallas, Criminology & Criminal JusticeUniversity of Waikato, Te Puna Haumaru New Zealand Institute for Security & Crime Science
Published: Dec 02, 2024
The UK's approach to combating money laundering extends beyond traditional enforcement authorities, encompassing diverse regulated entities mandated to monitor and share intelligence on suspected laundering activities. This study examines the UK's Anti-Money Laundering (AML) ...
Published: Nov 29, 2024
The conventional understanding of resilience often portrays it as a positive outcome emerging from adverse situations. This perspective frequently shapes interventions aimed at bolstering resilience among individuals considered to be in need. Drawing upon data from a European ...
Published: Nov 29, 2024
To minimise confounding bias and facilitate the identification of unwarranted disparities, sentencing researchers have traditionally sought to control for as many legal factors as possible. In this article we challenge such approach. Using causal graphs we show how ...
Published: Nov 26, 2024
While several prior studies have examined the prevalence and predictors of recidivism among juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs), much less scholarly attention has been devoted to exploring the post-release factors that influence JHOs to desist from criminal behavior. Given ...
Published: Nov 26, 2024
This study employed technological frames of reference (TFR) theory to explore officer attitudes toward body-worn cameras (BWCs) in the Chicago Police Department (CPD) to uncover frames that may undermine compliance with BWC policy.
Published: Nov 26, 2024
The CrimRxiv Consortium, a network of leading institutions in open criminology, has announced its newest member: the University of Liverpool’s Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology. Housed in the School of Law and Social Justice, the department is renowned ...
Published: Nov 25, 2024
Little is known about the prevalence of neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioral disorders among CSEC survivors, and the experiences of CSEC survivors with these disorders with health care. We conducted a self-report survey study with N = 269 youths between the ages of 13 ...
Published: Nov 25, 2024
Cybercrime is on the rise, and so is the need to systematically analyze its prevalence, distribution, causes and consequences. While official records (mainly police, prosecution and court statistics) provide important information to explore online crime, they have been ...
Published: Nov 22, 2024
Published: Nov 21, 2024
This study explores the correlates of use of force (UOF) in police responses to calls for service (CFS), drawing on situational, community, and organizational perspectives. Linear probability models were used to analyze CFS and UOF records for Cincinnati Police Department ...
Published: Nov 20, 2024
There is an ongoing need for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to identify and examine the online posting behaviors of violent extremists prior to their engagement in violence offline, but little is empirically known about their online presence generally or ...
Published: Nov 19, 2024
This paper proposes a finite-state machine based approach to recognise crypto ransomware based on their behaviour. Malicious and benign Android applications are executed to capture the system calls they generate, which are then filtered and tokenised and converted to ...
Published: Nov 14, 2024
This article closely reviews a selection of criminology studies on the pains of older prisoners to examine the construction of a particular type of ‘intolerable’ punishment. The term ‘intolerable’ depicts the moral line between acceptable state punitive treatments and those ...
Published: Nov 13, 2024
We investigate the spatial decision-making of graffiti writers when selecting target locations, examining how street segment characteristics influence exposure. Extending the rational choice perspective to expressive offending, we collected data through Systematic Social ...
Published: Nov 12, 2024
This article explores the growing trend of using rap lyrics and music videos as evidence in criminal trials and considers the discriminatory implications of such practice. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 43 police staff (officers and civillian investigators) and ...
Published: Nov 11, 2024
This editorial focuses on traditional types of property crime in the Netherlands and Belgium, such as burglary and theft, and property crimes involving mobile organised crime groups (MOCGs) originating from Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and the Balkan countries. Over the ...
Published: Nov 08, 2024
Timukaite, A., & Buil-Gil, D. (2024). Trust in the police and crime reporting: Reassessing assumptions in the context of violent crime in England and Wales. International Review of Victimology. https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241296569
Published: Nov 07, 2024
Buil-Gil, D., Trajtenberg, N., & Aebi, M. F. (2024). Measuring Cyber Crime and Deviance in Surveys. In R.S. Graham, S.G. Humer, C.S. Lee & V. Nagy (Eds.), The Routledge International Handbook of Online Deviance (pp. 44-72). Routledge.
Published: Nov 06, 2024
The effectiveness of human-centric cybersecurity largely depends on end-users’ adherence to security and privacy behaviors. Understanding and predicting variations in the adoption of these safeguards is crucial for both theoretical advancement and practical application. While ...
Published: Nov 01, 2024
Social changes in industrialized societies have prolonged adolescence, postponing entry into adult roles. We use U.S. age-arrest data to investigate whether this delay has contributed to higher crime rates among emerging adults, altering population age-arrest curves. We ...
Published: Oct 31, 2024
Qualitative researchers are expected, sometimes required, to publish their data open access. This is for the sake of science, impact, and social justice. Yet, understandably, qualitative criminologists are worried about what this means for their workload and their ability to ...
Published: Oct 30, 2024
Human trafficking and extreme exploitation ("modern slavery") violate fundamental human rights and cause severe harm to individuals' well-being. Anti-trafficking helplines provide critical support for victims/survivors, yet little research has explored their usage ...
Published: Oct 28, 2024
Canada has witnessed thousands of Indigenous testimonies about the suspicious deaths and disappearances of their loved ones and the deficient or non-existent investigations thereafter. Despite growing attention to Indigenous deaths in inquiries and government apologies, there ...
Published: Oct 23, 2024
We aim to test the impact of a new national curriculum for public and personal safety training (PPST) developed by the College of Policing, which aims to reduce the use of force by police. We conduct a large-scale Stepped Wedge Pragmatic Controlled Trial with a single police ...
Published: Oct 23, 2024
Situational Action Theory (SAT) has emerged as a prominent theory of crime and delinquency. It includes a new conceptualization of self-control, which emphasizes its role in enabling individuals to adhere to their morality when deliberating about deviant and non-deviant ...
Published: Oct 21, 2024
On January 31st, 2023, the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, was granted a federal exemption allowing adults (aged 18 +) to possess up to 2.5 g of select illicit drugs. The exemption will be in place for three years (2023–2026), marking the first formal ...
Published: Oct 18, 2024
Post COVID-19, visible homelessness in the form of encampments has grown in cities across North America. Often these encampments are stereotyped as posing health and safety risks. In response to public outcry, many of these encampments have been forcefully removed by city e.ploye
Published: Oct 17, 2024
Working in prisons can be a challenging job, managing a population of incarcerated people while keeping oneself, one’s colleagues, and the people themselves safe. Some corrections officers may expect violence in the workplace, yet being a victim of violence is no trivial ...
Published: Oct 17, 2024
Knife crime has become a prominent and seemingly intractable problem in England & Wales. Theory and evidence indicate that reducing crime opportunities is an effective means of crime control, including restrictions on lethal weapons. While public debate has centred on zombie ...
Published: Oct 16, 2024
In the examination of sentencing disparities, hypotheses related to social class have been relatively overlooked compared to explanations centred on offenders' ethnicity. This oversight is regrettable as these factors often intertwine, particularly given the prevalence of ...
Published: Oct 16, 2024
The development of drug policies has been a major focus for policy-makers across North America in light of the ongoing public health emergency caused by the overdose crisis. In this context, the current study examined stakeholders’ experiences and perceptions of power and ...
Published: Oct 15, 2024
Too little is known about the effectiveness of efforts to prevent firearm violence. We evaluated California’s Armed and Prohibited Persons System (APPS), which identifies legal purchasers of firearms who have become prohibited persons and seeks to recover all firearms and ...
Published: Oct 14, 2024
We investigate the concept of “criminal failure” in sexual crimes and the relevance of various theoretical frameworks for its understanding: individual offender's rational choice, environmental influences and routine activities, victimological characteristics from lifestyle ...
Published: Oct 11, 2024
While there is abundant literature on prison violence, much less has been written about how safety is perceived and conceived in prison. Even less is known about how these feelings of safety and their respective predictors may vary between prison systems. This study ...
Published: Oct 10, 2024
Correctional officers work a tough beat in law enforcement. Their job—keeping incarcerated persons and the public safe—involves working in a highly challenging environment with daily threats of physical, emotional, and mental harm. Suicide rates among correctional officers ...
Published: Oct 04, 2024
If and how policing affects crime has long been studied. On the relationship between police force size and crime, different authors come to different conclusions. This study examines the relationship between police resourcing, including workforce size, structure and stability ...
Published: Oct 03, 2024
Assault weapon and large-capacity magazine bans are potential tools for policy makers to prevent public mass shootings. However, the efficacy of these bans is a continual source of debate. In an earlier study, we estimated the impact of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban (FAWB) ...
Published: Oct 03, 2024
The CrimRxiv Consortium, a network of leading institutions in open criminology, has marked a significant milestone as it completes its first year of operation. With a diverse membership of 25 institutions spanning Belgium, Canada, England, Germany, New Zealand, South Asia, ...
Published: Sep 27, 2024
Consent, or lack thereof, is paramount in instances of sexual violence among college students. The current study assessed the impact of the Consent Matters campaign on Canadian undergraduate students’ (N = 799) attitudes toward sexual consent, perceived behavioral control in ...
Published: Sep 27, 2024
This paper explores the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported alkyl nitrite (‘poppers’) use and sexual behaviours against a backdrop of UK policy change and ambiguity surrounding legal status. In 2024, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of ...
Published: Sep 24, 2024
Police in England and Wales are under growing pressure to respond to multiple demands, with budgets and capabilities failing to keep pace. Alongside this, public scandals and wrongdoing in policing is regularly revealed, debated and fed into reform programmes. Recognising ...
Published: Sep 23, 2024
The role of street networks in shaping the spatial distribution of crime has become a foundational component within environmental criminology. Most studies, however, have focused on opportunistic crime types, such as property offenses. In this study, we instead research a ...
Published: Sep 23, 2024
The overarching goal was to conduct process, impact, and cost-effectiveness evaluations for the joint Massachusetts Department of Correction (MA DOC) and Hampden County Sheriff’s Office (HCSO) step-down reentry program. The research team seeks to provide policy guidance to ...
Published: Sep 21, 2024
The John Jay College Research and Evaluation Center and the Urban Institute helped the National League of Cities’ Center for Municipal Practice to support local government leaders in five U.S. cities as they worked to reimagine their visions for public safety. The ...
Published: Sep 20, 2024
Guardianship is a core tenet of routine activity theory and collective efficacy. At its outset, routine activity research assumed that the mere presence of a guardian was sufficient to disrupt many forms of crime. More recent research, however, has taken as a starting point ...
Published: Sep 19, 2024
Investigation of the nature of digitally enabled coercive control, what policing responses exist and what improvements are needed, and what training and tools police officers need.
Published: Sep 19, 2024
The CrimRxiv Consortium, a network of open criminology’s leading institutions, has announced its newest Member: the Society of Evidence Based Policing (SEBP). Founded in the United Kingdom more than a decade ago, they are an independent charity dedicated to embedding ...
Published: Sep 17, 2024
Space Syntax comprises a set of techniques that emphasize both material and immaterial characteristics of urban space. However, its inherent lack of a time component and land-use variables limits its effectiveness in investigating crime dynamics at the micro-urban scale. ...
Published: Sep 15, 2024
In “Cause, Effect, and the Structure of the Social World” (2023), Megan Stevenson makes a claim that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not had a significant effect in criminal justice settings. She then draws the conclusion that the gold standard for research designs, ...
Published: Sep 11, 2024
Research was conducted in partnership with the Revenge Porn Helpline (RPH) to examine the location and removal of non-consensual intimate image (NCII) abuse. By examining reports to the helpline, data were collected to uncover where intimate images were being non-consensually ...
Published: Sep 11, 2024
This special issue brings together nineteen topical and innovative papers, researching the boundaries of sexual integrity and affirmative sexual consent, gender violence, and image-based or online sexual abuse, including child sexual abuse material and non-consensual sexual ...
Published: Sep 10, 2024
The rate of vehicle theft in the United States declined 80% between 1990 and 2020. This study examines historical documents to show that legislation incentivised security improvements fitted to high-risk vehicles from 1986 onwards.
Published: Sep 09, 2024
The role of street networks in shaping the spatial distribution of crime has become a foundational component within environmental criminology. Most studies, however, have focused on opportunistic crime types, such as property offenses. In this study, we instead research a ...
Published: Sep 09, 2024
The CrimRxiv Consortium, a network of open criminology’s leading institutions, has announced its newest Member: the South Asian Society of Criminology and Victimology (SASCV). Founded in 2009, the society addresses South Asia’s unique challenges in crime prevention, criminal ...
Published: Sep 06, 2024
Firearm violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young men in the US. While an association of alcohol availability with violence is well established, the mechanisms through which it operates are unclear, and the role of alcohol availability in firearm ...
Published: Sep 05, 2024
There is ongoing debate over the latitude of discretion police officers have when conducting stops and searches. While necessary due to resource limitations and need for individualized justice, discretion involves subjective characteristics of suspicion formation, such as ...
Published: Sep 02, 2024
At the intersection of drug policy, the opioid crisis, and fragmented care systems, persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States are significantly vulnerable to contact with the criminal legal system (CLS). In CLS settings, provision of evidence-based treatment ...
Published: Sep 01, 2024
This study introduces an algorithmic strategy for measuring dimensions of police presence at microgeographic units using GPS data from police patrol units. The proposed strategy builds upon the integrated theory of hot spots patrol strategy from Sherman et al. (Journal of ...
Published: Aug 30, 2024
Research into adolescent co-offending has predominantly focused on individual differences in co-offender selection, with less attention to diversity in offending behavior. Research suggests that offenders with a violent history may be less desirable as co-offenders, ...
Published: Aug 27, 2024
Co-offending is the act of committing a crime in a group. While it involves some risks, criminals engage in co-offending to achieve specific goals and needs, such as receiving physical assistance during the crime or learning new skills to commit more sophisticated crimes. The ...
Published: Aug 25, 2024
There is a vast literature evaluating the empirical association between stay-at-home policies and crime during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these academic efforts have primarily focused on the effects within specific cities or regions rather than adopting a cross-national ...
Published: Aug 23, 2024
The scale of violent intergroup conflict in humans is astonishingly large compared to other mammals. This capacity for war is closely linked to our exceptionally cooperative abilities. The parochial altruism model formally describes how within-group cooperation and ...
Published: Aug 22, 2024
The paper employs Situational Action Theory (SAT) to examine juvenile delinquency in rural and urban Slovenia, an area previously unexplored to analyze rural/urban differences. Utilizing data from the Slovenian International Self-Report Delinquency (ISRD4) study, responses ...
Published: Aug 20, 2024
Since 2021 the level 300 unit at the University of Tasmania, “Working With Offenders”, has been offered as a winter-school intensive. This unit is predominantly undertaken by students studying in the Bachelor of Arts specialising in criminology, but also includes students ...
Published: Aug 19, 2024
Academic literature widely assumes that extremist-housing online forums, like 4chan, uniformly celebrate acts of right-wing terrorism (e.g. via “sainthood memes”), such as those committed by Anders Breivik and Brenton Tarrant. Aside from a handful of exceptions, this body of ...
Published: Aug 15, 2024
A sample of 1,247 adults from two Ukrainian cities was analyzed to understand how exposure to the Donbas war in 2017 influenced decision-making related to violent behaviors among civilians. The study seeks to: (a) evaluate perceived rewards and costs as mediators between war ...
Published: Aug 14, 2024
The last two decades have seen an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, placing complex demands on police and emergency services in the UK. Despite the growing recognition of the cascading and multidimensional threats, there is limited ...
Published: Aug 14, 2024
The association between 4chan and online extremist subcultures has seen increasing academic scrutiny—particularly following the 2019 Christchurch attack by a right-wing terrorist who frequented the anonymous forums. Gender-based extremism features as one (of many) critical ...
Published: Aug 14, 2024
Working in the criminal justice sector can be psychologically challenging. It is important that students seeking to join this workforce are adequately prepared for the psychological rigours that they will invariably be exposed to. This paper presents findings from a scoping ...
Published: Aug 12, 2024
Published: Aug 08, 2024
In 2023, JohnJayREC obtained de-identified DCJS data for Prepare participants through an existing data-sharing agreement. The agreement provided JohnJayREC with unsealed, fingerprintable criminal history data to help New York organizations working with justice-involved ...
Published: Aug 07, 2024
For this project, we conducted multi-pronged formative research on insider threats in U.S. law enforcement. Our main objective was to better understand current policies and procedures to screen for and identify insider threats in the hiring process and among active officers.
Published: Aug 06, 2024
The CrimRxiv Consortium, a network of open criminology’s leading institutions, has announced its newest Member: the University of Leeds’ Centre for Criminal Justice Studies. Housed in the School of Law, the Centre serves as an interdisciplinary research institute providing ...
Published: Aug 05, 2024
Online child sexual abuse material (CSAM) is a growing problem. Prevention charities, such as Stop It Now! UK, use online messaging to dissuade users from viewing CSAM and to encourage them to consider anonymous therapeutic interventions. This experiment used a honeypot ...
Published: Aug 03, 2024
CRJU 3405, Georgia State University | Last updated for Fall 2024
Published: Aug 03, 2024
Researchers at the John Jay College Research and Evaluation Center (JohnJayREC) investigated transit fare evasion in subway stations and station complexes throughout New York City between 2018 and 2023. The study was conducted as part of the New York City Police Reform and ...
Published: Aug 02, 2024
Although addressing the lives, perceptions, and practices of others, sociological research has an ambivalent association with the category of lived experience. Despite its use not always being accompanied by a precise definition, lived experience appears prominently in much ...
Published: Aug 01, 2024
This study uses data from Operation Snap (OpSnap), the UK police’s national system to receive road users’ video evidence of road traffic offences. Data from one police force area for 39 months (January 2021 to March 2024) (N = 20,364 records) is analysed. Half were submitted ...
Published: Jul 31, 2024
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The proposed systematic review is an update to, and extension of, Lipsey et al. (2007). As such we build on their previous aims to: (i) Assess and synthesise the overall impact of cognitive ...
Published: Jul 29, 2024
The Department of Sociology at the University of Georgia invites applications for two Assistant Professor positions to begin August 1, 2025. For both positions we will consider exceptional candidates at the early Associate Professor level. The first position is in the area of ...
Published: Jul 29, 2024
Research increasingly aims to better understand criminal behavior in context. Invariably, this entails integrating sociological (and other) perspectives on structure and environment, with psychological and economic notions of individual decision processes. Unique among ...
Published: Jul 26, 2024
The presumption that family violence will repeat and escalate is embedded in practices including risk assessment and case management. However, there is limited evidence that further episodes are inevitable, or that subsequent episodes will increase in severity. Therefore, we ...
Published: Jul 26, 2024
Guiney, T., & Yeomans, H. (2023). Explaining penal momentum: Path dependence, prison population forecasting and the persistence of high incarceration rates in England and Wales. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 62(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12507
Published: Jul 25, 2024
Numerous studies emphasise the importance of adopting an intersectional perspective to examine unwarranted disparities in the criminal justice system. However, traditional methods, such as interaction effects, often result in overfitted models. Consequently, most studies ...
Published: Jul 24, 2024
Most research examining the consumption of online child sexual abuse material (CSAM) has focused on offenders' demographic and psychological characteristics. While such research may assist in the development of therapeutic interventions with known offenders, it has little to ...
Published: Jul 24, 2024
A ‘drug strategy’ is a policy document that structures the priorities and directions for interventions for drug related issues within a particular jurisdiction and/or context. A ‘pillars’ drug strategy concentrates efforts through clustering separated columns of activity, ...
Published: Jul 22, 2024
Researchers have studied criminal specialisation at the offenders’ level to understand criminal careers. Despite criminal careers comprising events in which offenders co-offend with others, we know less about the extent of co-offending groups showing signs of becoming ...
Published: Jul 16, 2024
Past research has linked peer and teacher discrimination to risk factors for school discipline, but few studies have examined whether peer and teacher discrimination have a direct impact on school discipline. This study examines the effects of general peer and teacher ...
Published: Jul 11, 2024
A debate existing in feminist and criminological literature is the plausible macro-level relationship between gender inequality and female-victim intimate partner homicide (FV-IPH). The amelioration hypothesis assumes the reduction of gender-based violence in more gender-...
Published: Jul 11, 2024
Whilst inherently lawful, shelf companies enable the generation of contrived financial structures and arrangements that can facilitate actors to organise their criminal activities and conceal, convert, or control their illicit finances or assets. A stratified market for the ...
Published: Jul 10, 2024
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of big data-driven predictive policing, one of the latest forms of technologybased policing, and also the risks of data concentration on police forces or algorithmic bias. In order to properly weigh the benefits and ...
Published: Jul 10, 2024
Conventional police databases contain much information on cybercrime, but extracting it remains a practical challenge. This is because these databases rarely contain labels that could be used to automatically retrieve all cybercrime incidents. In this article, we present a ...
